[35] Two of the publishers selling his book were then arrested. In some instances, however, simple error and ignorance devolved into treachery and malicious intent, culminating in tragic losses of human life. As the Sesquicentennial of the Civil War continues, discover Marylands authentic stories through one WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion King William's War Queen Anne's War Tuscarora War Dummer's War King George's War French & Indian War Pontiac's Rebellion Lord Dunmore's War American Wars Revolutionary War Tripolitan War Tecumseh's War War of 1812 Creek Indian War The First Seminole War The right to vote was eventually extended to non-white males in the Maryland Constitution of 1867, which remains in effect today. The War of the Rebellion, Series III, Volume 4, pp. Lincoln ignored the ruling of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney in "Ex parte Merryman" decision in 1861 concerning freeing John Merryman, a prominent Southern sympathizer arrested by the military. $40.00 + $5.80 shipping. [66], Lee's setback at the Battle of Antietam can also be seen as a turning point in that it may have dissuaded the governments of France and Great Britain from recognizing the Confederacy, doubting the South's ability to maintain and win the war.[67]. [68] Quartermaster John Howard recalled that Steuart performed "seventeen double somersaults" all the while whistling Maryland, My Maryland. Many Marylanders were simply pragmatic, recognizing that the state's long border with the Union state of Pennsylvania would be almost impossible to defend in the event of war. One notable Maryland front line regiment was the 2nd Maryland Infantry, which saw considerable combat action in the Union IX Corps. The nature of the deaths and the reasons for them are a continuing source of controversy. WebMaryland's Civil War Trails Base Camp. Disappointingly for the exiles, recruits did not flock to the Confederate banner. Of the Trimble count, McKim states The estimate above alluded to, of 20,000 Marylanders in the Confederate service, rests apparently upon no better basis than an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, in which he said he believed that the muster rolls would show that about 20,000 men in the Confederate army had given the State of Maryland as the place of their nativity. WebPoolesville Civil War Camps (1861 - 1865), at or near Poolesville Union garrison posts Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! WebDuring the turbulent weeks following Baltimores civilian clash with federal troops along [76] Other witnesses including Booth himself claimed that he only yelled "Sic semper! Because the state bordered the District of Columbia and the opposing factions within the state strongly desired to sway public opinion towards their respective causes, Maryland played an important role in the war. Upon inspecting the camp, the U.S Sanitary Commission reported that the the amount of standing water, of unpoliced grounds, of foul sinks, of general disorder, of soil reeking with miasmic accretions, of rotten bones and emptying of camp kettles..was enough to drive a sanitarian mad." Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Edgewood Arsenal | Camp Franklin | Frenchtown Battery | Gallows Hill Camp The Garrison Fort | Camp Glen Burnie | Camp Halleck | Camp Hoffman (2) Fort Hollingsworth | Fort Horn | Fort Hoyle | Camp Kelsey | Fort Kent | Kent Island Camp Camp Kirby | Kuskarawaok | Camp Laurel | Fort Lincoln | Fort Madison | Mattapany Fort The sirens whistled. It quickly became infamous for its staggering death rate and unfathoomable living conditions due to theCommissary General of Prisoners,Col. William Hoffman. There was much less appetite for secession than elsewhere in the Southern States (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Alabama Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee) or in the border states (Kentucky and Missouri),[2] but Maryland was equally unsympathetic towards the potentially abolitionist position of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln. [55] Later in 1861, Baltimore resident W W Glenn described Steuart as a fugitive from the authorities: I was spending the evening out when a footstep approached my chair from behind and a hand was laid upon me. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! A follow up guided tour of the blockhouse and outpost campsite can also be arranged. Civil War medicine is discussed in relation to medical education of that era and in relation to 19th century medicine before and after the War. Antietam Camp #3 is part of the Department of the Chesapeake, which includes Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. Baltimore boasted a monument to Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson[81] until they were taken down on August 16, 2017. WebCivil War Campsites in Maryland C&O Canal Campgrounds. Robert H. Kellog was 20 years old when he walked through the gates of Andersonville prison. Provided by Touchpoints Contact Info Mailing Address: In addition to Forts McHenry and Carroll, these included: Fort #1/2 (1864) at West Baltimore and Smallwood Streets. A presentation in PowerPoint format about five remarkable women who made important contributions to the Union cause at various stages before, during, and after the critical years of the American Civil War. After Atlanta fell to Union forces in September 1864, Confederates forces scrabbled to scatter the 30,000 Union soldiers imprisoned at Andersonville Prison in Macon County, Georgia. The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln (18611865) suspended the constitutional right of habeas corpus from Washington to Philadelphia. To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. [5] Frederick would later be extorted by Jubal Early, who threatened to burn down the city if its residents did not pay a ransom. [20] On April 29, the Legislature voted decisively 5313 against secession,[21][22] though they also voted not to reopen rail links with the North, and they requested that Lincoln remove Union troops from Maryland. It is located along the coast of Maryland only five feet above sea level, on approximately 30 acres of level land. [1] Culturally, geographically and economically, Maryland found herself neither one thing nor another, a unique blend of Southern agrarianism and Northern mercantilism. WebThe Civil War Camps at Muddy Branch and the Outpost Camp and Blockhouse at [45] It was agreed that Arnold Elzey, a seasoned career officer from Maryland, would command the 1st Maryland Regiment. Similarly, Robert Beecham, in his memoir, As If It Were Glory, Lanham, Maryland, 1998, p. 166, says of the 23rd U.S.C.T. Florence Stockade operated from September 1864 to February 1865 and 15,000 to 18,000 Union soldiers were processed through the camp. "Through Storm and Sunshine": Valorous Vivandires in the Civil War, Point Lookout State Park and Civil War Museum. Because Maryland's sympathies were divided, many Marylanders would fight one another during the conflict. Civil War medicine is discussed in relation to medical education of that era and in relation to 19th century medicine before and after the War. The disorder inspired James Ryder Randall, a Marylander living in Louisiana, to write a poem which would be put to music and, in 1939, become the state song, "Maryland, My Maryland" (it remained the official state song until March 2021). [86], The legacies of the debate over Lincoln's heavy-handed actions that were meant to keep Maryland within the union include measures such as arresting one third of the Maryland General Assembly, which was controversially ruled unconstitutional at the time by Maryland native Justice Roger Taney, and in the lyrics of the former Maryland state song, Maryland, My Maryland, which referred to Lincoln as a "despot," a "vandal," and, a "tyrant.". The speaker brings a doctors bag from 1885 containing example medical instruments of the Civil War and the 1800s for show and tell. Most prisoners had already been imprisoned in Andersonville. One prisoner commenting on the daily death toll and foul conditions proclaimed, (I) walk around camp every morning looking for acquaintances, the sick, &c. (I) can see a dozen most any morning laying around dead. MCHS is supported by the Arts & Humanities Council of Montgomery County, the Maryland Historical Trust, Montgomery County Government and the City of Rockville. However, a number of leading citizens, including physician and slaveholder Richard Sprigg Steuart, placed considerable pressure on Governor Hicks to summon the state Legislature to vote on secession, following Hicks to Annapolis with a number of fellow citizens: to insist on his [Hicks] issuing his proclamation for the Legislature to convene, believing that this body (and not himself and his party) should decide the fate of our stateif the Governor and his party continued to refuse this demand that it would be necessary to depose him. Although tactically inconclusive, the Battle of Antietam is considered a strategic Union victory and an important turning point of the war, because it forced the end of Lee's invasion of the North, and it allowed President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, taking effect on January 1, 1863. Congressman Henry May (D-Maryland) was imprisoned without charge and without recourse to habeas corpus in Fort Lafayette. State's participation as a Union slave state; a border state, Marylanders fought both for the Union and the Confederacy, Constitution of 1864, and the abolition of slavery. Candace Ridington portrays a nurse reminiscing about her time of service in Washington, D.C., during the Civil War when the nursing profession struggled to create itself. The Maryland legislature refused to ratify both the 14th Amendment, which conferred citizenship rights on former slaves, and the 15th Amendment, which gave the vote to African Americans. This represented 25% of the Federal force and 31% of the Confederate. The Confederacy opened Salisbury Prison, converted from a robustly constructed cotton mill, in 1861. Join Our Email List $40.00 + $5.80 shipping. During the American Civil War (18611865), After the war, numerous Union soldiers noted the poor, hastily prepared shelters in the camp, the lack of food, and the high death rate. The presentation will include discussion of some of the improvements in the practice of medicine and surgery as a result of the experiences and learning during the Civil War, when coupled with the germ theory and other discoveries after the War, resulted in a revolution in medical science, and the age of modern medicine in America. The use of triage, general anesthesia, and pain management will be discussed. They resemble, in many respects, patients laboring under cretinism. Camp Washington (3) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in New York (1861-1862). This program lasts about 45 to 50 minutes, is suitable for adults and young adults, and could be used in classrooms. Merrick's fellow judges took up the case and ordered General Porter to appear before them, but Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward prevented the federal marshal from delivering the court order. The Confederate General A. P. Hill described, the most terrible slaughter that this war has yet witnessed. [8] Butler fortified his position and trained his guns upon the city, threatening its destruction. Two said Booth yelled "I have done it!" WebOfficially named Camp Hoffman, the 40-acre prison compound was established north of Join this descendant of Civil War veterans, who shares songs and stories from the War Between the States, wearing both blue and gray, and accompanying himself on guitar. Marylands POW Camps in World War II. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. as the first southern city occupied by the Union Army. While it emancipated the state's slaves, it did not mean equality for them, in part because the franchise continued to be restricted to white males. The Underground Railroad Movement: Riding the Freedom Train Reenactor: Candace Ridington. Approximately a tenth as many enlisted to "go South" and fight for the Confederacy. [3][32] One of those arrested was militia captain John Merryman, who was held without trial in defiance of a writ of habeas corpus on May 25, sparking the case of Ex parte Merryman, heard just 2 days later on May 27 and 28. While the number of Marylanders in Confederate service is often reported as 20-25,000 based on an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, other contemporary reports refute this number and offer more detailed estimates in the range of 3,500 (Livermore)[49] to just under 4,700 (McKim),[50] which latter number should be further reduced given that the 2nd Maryland Infantry raised in 1862 consisted largely of the same men who had served in the 1st Maryland, which mustered out after a year. Overcrowding brutalized camp conditions in many ways. Belle Isle operated from 1862 to 1865. Imprisoned in both Andersonville and Florence, Private John McElroy noted in his book Andersonville: a Story of Rebel Military Prisons that I think also that all who experienced confinement in the two places are united in pronouncing Florence to be, on the whole, much the worse place and more fatal to life. In October 1864, 20 to 30 prisoners died per day. WebThe POW Camps in Maryland during World War II included: Edgewood Arsenal (Chemical Warfare Center), Gunpowder, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Holabird Signal Depot, Baltimore, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Hunt (Fort), Sheridan Point, Calvert County, MD (base camp) Meade (Fort George G.), near Odenton, Anne Arundel County, MD As a result, the Rebels spent their winters shivering in biting cold and their summers in sweltering, pathogen-laden heat. "Start-up nation? WebThirty pen and ink maps of the Maryland Campaign, 1862 : drawn from descriptive readings and map fragments Names Russell, Robert E. L. Created / Published Baltimore : Robert E. Lee Russell, 1932. Lincoln had wished to issue his proclamation earlier, but needed a military victory in order for his proclamation not to become self-defeating. The order came again from Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward. Camp Washington (2) - A U.S. Army Camp in Maryland (1880s). As one Massachusetts regiment was transferred between stations on April 19, a mob of Marylanders sympathizing with the South, or objecting to the use of federal troops against the seceding states, attacked the train cars and blocked the route; some began throwing cobblestones and bricks at the troops, assaulting them with "shouts and stones". On September 14, 1862, Union forces led by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan met Gen. Robert E. Lee s divided army at the Battle of South Mountain. However, modern interpretation of the evidence suggests did in fact face real supply shortages. [43] The provisions of May's bill were included in the March 1863 Habeas Corpus Act, in which Congress finally authorized Lincoln to suspend habeas corpus, but required actual indictments for suspected traitors. Most of the men enlisted into regiments from Virginia or the Carolinas, but six companies of Marylanders formed at Harpers Ferry into the Maryland Battalion. [18], Responding to pressure, on April 22 Governor Hicks finally announced that the state legislature would meet in a special session in Frederick, a strongly pro-Union town, rather than the state capital of Annapolis. One smallpox outbreak claimed the lives over 300 men during the winter of 1862 alone. There formerly was a Confederate monument behind the courthouse in Rockville, Maryland, dedicated to "the thin grey line". Civil War Campgrounds Marker Inscription. Jim Johnston unravels the historical mystery. WebJuly 4 First civilian death occurs in Harpers Ferry when businessman Frederick Roeder is shot by a Union soldier on Maryland Heights. Civil War era Rare Officer's Traveling Inkwell with Harpers Ferry is not occupied by either side again until February 1862. Maryland exile George H. Steuart, leading the 2nd Maryland Infantry regiment, is said to have jumped down from his horse, kissed his native soil and stood on his head in jubilation. Visit places and meet people who faced decisions and experienced wartime during those tumultuous times 150 years ago. On May 13, 1861 General Benjamin F. Butler entered Baltimore by rail with 1,000 Federal soldiers and, under cover of a thunderstorm, quietly took possession of Federal Hill. History of Maryland From the Earliest Period to the Present Day. Harris (2011) pp. Stuart. Harris states that Lincoln may or may not have been aware of this communication. Plumb will cover highlights of the womens contributions, their legacies, and their defining qualities such as courage, self-assurance, and persistence that led to their successes. Frederick County and Washington County, MD | Sep 14, 1862. The Aftermath of Battle; All the Fighting They Book sales and signings can be included, with all of the sales proceeds going to Montgomery History. In September 1863, Rebel prisoners totaled 4,000 men. After shooting the President, Booth galloped on his horse into Southern Maryland, where he was sheltered and helped by sympathetic residents and smuggled at night across the Potomac River into Virginia a week later. In early summer 1864, theUnions prospects for victory in the Civil War brightened when Union General Ulysses Grant besiegedRichmond. The battle was part of Early's raid through the Shenandoah Valley and into Maryland, attempting to divert Union forces away from Gen. Robert E. Lee's army under siege at Petersburg, Virginia. [62] The battle was the culmination of Robert E. Lee's Maryland Campaign, which aimed to take the war to the North. "[77][78] Some didn't recall hearing Booth shout anything in Latin. [62] However, McClellan waited about 18 hours before deciding to take advantage of this intelligence and position his forces based on it, thus endangering a golden opportunity to defeat Lee decisively. Donate Now, Civil War in Montgomery County and the Region. Around 70,000 soldiers passed through Camp Parole until Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant assumed command as General-in-Chief of the Union Army in 1864, and ended the system of prisoner exchanges.[72]. 127 Maryland, Frederick County, Frederick The Lost Order Shrouded in a Cloak of Mystery Antietam Campaign 1862 After crossing the Potomac River early in September 1862, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee reorganized the Army of Northern Virginia into three separate wings. [citation needed], The first bloodshed of the Civil War occurred in Maryland. Real and reproduction Civil War-era medical instruments will be shown and used, along with a variety of Civil War-era bullets, Minie balls, grape shot, buck shot, clusters, and other slugs (all inert, safe, and with no gun powder) that created many of the battlefield wounds that the surgeons had to treat. While other men born in Maryland may have served in other Confederate formations, the same is true of units in the service of the United States. The Odyssey of a Civil War Soldier Speaker: Robert Plumb. Overcrowding was yet again a major problem. [citation needed], Thousands of Union troops were stationed in Charles County, and the Federal Government established a large, unsheltered prison camp at Point Lookout at Maryland's southern tip in St. Mary's County between the Potomac River and the Chesapeake Bay, where thousands of Confederates were kept, often in harsh conditions. [62] The order indicated that Lee had divided his army and dispersed portions geographically (to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, and Hagerstown, Maryland), thus making each subject to isolation and defeat in detail - if McClellan could move quickly enough. WebCumberland Civil War Forts (1860's), Cumberland Union defenses included: Fort Hill According to one of his aides: "We loved Maryland, we felt that she was in bondage against her will, and we burned with desire to have a part in liberating her". Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. "[79]:48 Others thought they heard him say "Revenge for the South!" WebCivil War Prison Camps Suffering and Survival Harpers Weekly depiction of But what was Earlys aim, and how close did he come to taking the city and ending the war? Jubal Earlys Attack on WashingtonSpeaker: James H. Johnston. Originally constructed to hold political prisoners accused of assisting the Confederacy, Point Lookout was expanded upon and used to hold Confederate soldiers from 1863 onward. Hardened veterans, scarcely strangers to the sting of battle, nevertheless found themselves ill-prepared for the horror and despondency awaiting them inside Civil War prison camps. See, e.g., C. R. Gibbs' Black, Copper, and Bright, Silver Spring, Maryland, 2002. Despite the controversy, there can be little doubt that Andersonville was the Civil War's most infamous and deadly prison camp. Col. Hoffman forced Confederate prisoners to sleep outside in the open while furnishing them with little to no shelter. First, Stuarts army demonstrated their control of Rockville by rounding up Union officials and taking them prisoner. With a death rate approaching 25%, Elmira was one of the deadliest Union-operated POW camps of the entire war. Because Maryland had not seceded from the United States the state was not included under the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, which declared that all enslaved people within the Confederacy would henceforth be free. [26], Butler went on to occupy Baltimore and declared martial law, ostensibly to prevent secession, although Maryland had voted solidly (5313) against secession two weeks earlier,[27] but more immediately to allow war to be made on the South without hindrance from the state of Maryland,[25] which had also voted to close its rail lines to Northern troops, so as to avoid involvement in a war against its southern neighbors. [86] Democrats therefore re-branded themselves the "Democratic Conservative Party", and Republicans called themselves the "Union" party, in an attempt to distance themselves from their most radical elements during the war. History By the time the Civil War ended, more 52,000 prisoners had passed through Point Lookout, with upwards of 4,000 succumbing to various illnesses brought on by overcrowding, bad sanitation, exposure, and soiled water. Salisbury University, 1991). They built numerous campgrounds on this inhospitable mountain that lacked water, level ground, or adequate sanitation conditions. Candace Ridington portrays all of the characters using a mix of props and clothing alterations. A soldier who survived his ordeal in a camp often bore deep psychological scars and physical maladies that may or may not have healed in time. In July 1864 the Battle of Monocacy was fought near Frederick, Maryland as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. Camp Washington (4) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in Kentucky (1861). This reenactment portrays the nurse professions early challenges, its rewards and sadness, and a glimpse of other nurses whose names are known to us through their journals. Archaeological work is continuing on the only blockhouse now located on county park land at Blockhouse Point. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. Union Army Surgeon Dr. Edward Stonestreet & His Civil War Hospital in RockvilleSpeaker: Clarence Hickey. To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. Monocacy was a tactical victory for the Confederate States Army but a strategic defeat, as the one-day delay inflicted on the attacking Confederates cost rebel General Jubal Early his chance to capture the Union capital of Washington, D.C. Across the state, some 50,000 citizens signed up for the military, with most joining the United States Army. They remembered themselves in monuments through their generals. On May 23, 1862, at the Battle of Front Royal, the 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA was thrown into battle with their fellow Marylanders, the Union 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry. Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. This PowerPoint presentation covers both the Civil War history of the camps at Muddy Branch and the history and archaeology of its outpost blockhouse and camp located within, Dr. Edward Stonestreet of Rockville served as Montgomery County Examining Surgeon in 1862, performing physical examinations on local Union Army recruits and draftees. However, across the state, sympathies were mixed. How many were citizens of Maryland when they enlisted does not appear. The Maryland General Assembly convened in Frederick and unanimously adopted a measure stating that they would not commit the state to secession, explaining that they had "no constitutional authority to take such action,"[19] whatever their own personal feelings might have been. Songs and Stories from the Blue and the Gray Speaker: Patrick Lacefield. One prisoner in seven died, for a total of 4,200 deaths by 1865. [74] Article 24 of the constitution at last outlawed the practice of slavery. WebDuring the Civil War Era, Point Lookout was first a hospital for wounded Union soldiers and then a Civil War prison camp for captured Confederate soldiers. Washington Camp (5) - A British Colonial A brochure published by the home in the 1890s described it as: a haven of rest to which they may retire and find refuge, and, at the same time, lose none of their self-respect, nor suffer in the estimation of those whose experience in life is more fortunate.[83]. The Better Angels: Five women who changed and were changed by the American Civil WarSpeaker: Robert Plumb. MARYLAND ESTATE CIVIL WAR REGIMENTAL FLAGPOLE EAGLE FINIAL, BOOK DOCUMENTED TYPE. The federal troops executing Judge Carmichael's arrest beat him unconscious in his courthouse while his court was in session, before dragging him out, initiating a public controversy. Union camp leadership was largely to blame for the death toll. Gonzlez, Felipe, Guillermo Marshall, and Suresh Naidu. The lack of substantial and adequate shelter compounded the prisoners' plight on Belle Isle and increased the amount of death and suffering brought on by disease and exposure. [45] Its initial term of duty was for twelve months.[48]. [69] Such celebrations would prove short lived, as Steuart's brigade was soon to be severely damaged at the Battle of Gettysburg (July 13, 1863), a turning point in the war and a reverse from which the Confederate army would never recover. Plumbs newest book,The Better Angels, will be published by Potomac Books, an imprint of University of Nebraska Press, in March of 2020. To deflect criticism, Stuart wrote a report glorifying his crossing at Rowsers Ford as a heroic, superhuman effort. At its peak, over 20,000 Confederate soldiers occupied Point Lookout at any given time, more than double its intended occupancy. Murphy v. Porter. SHOP Join us July 13-16! WebCivil War camps on the "EASTERN SHORE" of MARYLAND. WebBegun in 1863 with the support of the Union League, eleven regiments were formed at Camp William Penn, the first Pennsylvania camp for volunteer African American regiments. Civil War veterans did it differently. Camp Douglas originally served as a training facility for Illinois regiments, but was later converted to a prison camp. No wooden structures were furnished for the prisoners at Belle Isle. [14], Hearing no immediate reply from Washington, on the evening of April 19 Governor Hicks and Mayor Brown ordered the destruction of railroad bridges leading into the city from the North, preventing further incursions by Union soldiers. This is a PowerPoint lecture. Of the 11,764 Confederates who entered Alton Federal Prison, no fewer than 1,500 perished as result of various diseases and aliments. Suitable for adults and young adults. A Field Guide to Civil War Statues in WashingtonSpeaker: James H. Johnston. [28] By May 21 there was no need to send further troops. It was 1942. Whether this was due to local sympathy with the Union cause or the generally ragged state of the Confederate army, many of whom had no shoes, is not clear. Emancipation did not immediately bring citizenship for former slaves. Coming Soon!! The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (nps.gov) parallels the Potomac River from Washington, D.C., to Antietam. A great many are terribly afflicted with diarrhea, and scurvy begins to take hold of some. [47], Captain Bradley T. Johnson refused the offer of the Virginians to join a Virginia Regiment, insisting that Maryland should be represented independently in the Confederate army.
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